Ciência Diária » Cogumelos alucinógenos podem reduzir a atividade cerebral

Cogumelos alucinógenos podem reduzir a atividade cerebral

Submitted by Ciência Diária on Wednesday, 25 January 201291 Comentários

Cogumelos alucinógenos podem até passar a impressão de que o seu cérebro está agindo vigorosamente. No entanto, podem estar justamente reduzindo a atividade cerebral. De acordo com um estudo realizado por pesquisadores da Imperial College London, na Grã-Bretanha, a psilocibina – componente psicoativo encontrado em cogumelos do gênero Psilocybe – afeta justamente as áreas com maiores conexões no cérebro.

Para chegar a essas conclusões, os pesquisadores recrutaram 30 voluntários com experiências anteriores com drogas alucinógenas. Seus cérebros foram escaneados (submetidos a exames de ressonância magnética, capazes de indicar as regiões cerebrais com maior atividade) duas vezes: uma após a ingestão de placebo e outra depois de tomarem uma injeção com doses moderadas de psilocibina.

Os pesquisadores observaram que quanto menor era a atividade de algumas regiões do cérebro, mais intensas eram as experiências descritas pelos voluntários. A redução de processos em regiões de conexão, cujos papeis são de coordenar o fluxo de informações para áreas periféricas, seria responsável pelos efeitos alucinógenos que induziriam o estado de cognição irrestrita. Em outras palavras, a droga seria capaz de agir em uma espécie de ‘válvula’ cerebral que normalmente atua para limitar nossas percepções do mundo (algo importante para que nossas predições sejam as mais precisas possíveis).

Embora novos experimentos devam ser realizados para certificar as conclusões (experiências conduzidas por outros pesquisadores com a administração oral da psilocibina demonstraram que as mesmas regiões têm a atividade aumentada, colocando em dúvida a similaridade dos efeitos do composto injetado de forma intravenosa), os pesquisadores acreditam que o trabalho poderia ajudar no tratamento de doenças como a depressão, já que nessa condição os chamados ‘hubs’, pontos de conexão para o fluxo de informações no cérebro, funcionariam ativamente.

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