Ciência Diária » Cientistas desenvolvem exame não-invasivo para detectar câncer de estômago

Cientistas desenvolvem exame não-invasivo para detectar câncer de estômago

Submitted by Ciência Diária on Wednesday, 27 April 201190 Comentários

O detecção precoce do câncer pode se tornar cada vez mais fácil, agora que um grupo da Universidade da Geórgia publicou dois artigos recentemente no jornal PloSONE mostrando que algumas proteínas excretadas pela urina podem indicar a presença de câncer gástrico e, eventualmente, de outras doenças.

Os pesquisadores se voltaram primeiramente ao estudo do câncer de estômago porque, em termos de números, é o que mais mata no mundo. “Na teoria, a metodologia que desenvolvemos pode ter aplicação em outros tipos de câncer”, diz Ying Xu, responsável pelo estudo.

Ao lado de outros membros da equipe, Xu identificou uma proteína chamada lipase endotelial que varia em termos de abundância em pacientes com câncer e pessoas saudáveis. O sistema desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores mostrou-se muito eficaz, com mais de 80% de precisão. Agora a equipe planeja testes envolvendo um número bem maior de pacientes para avaliar como a proteína poderia ser usada como marcador para o diagnóstico da doença e outros tipos de câncer.

De acordo com Xu, a pesquisa poderia levar a um sistema em que a urina mudaria a cor de um pedaço de papel para indicar a presença ou ausência da proteína – da mesma forma como o teste de farmácia indica se uma mulher está grávida ou não. Os pesquisadores esperam encontrar outros marcadores para cada tipo de câncer, aumentando também a precisão do teste. Embora o exame ainda não seja 100 por cento exato, pode indicar eventuais pacientes de risco, bem como dispensar no futuro a realização de exames invasivos e desconfortáveis, como a endoscopia.

Os cientistas começaram estudando um conjunto de 1500 proteínas conhecidas por serem excretadas na urina, identificando uma lista de características que as distinguem de proteínas que não são excretadas na urina. A identificação destas características distintivas permitiu a eles desenvolver um sistema de classificação que poderia predizer quais delas partiram de um tecido canceroso.

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