Ciência Diária » Pesquisa quer encontrar ligação genética entre autismo e esquizofrenia

Pesquisa quer encontrar ligação genética entre autismo e esquizofrenia

Submitted by Ciência Diária on Friday, 26 February 201084 Comentários

O autismo é uma disfunção global de desenvolvimento, que afeta a capacidade de comunicação e resposta apropriada ao ambiente.

O autismo e a esquizofrenia podem ter mais relação do que se imagina. Para tentar ver até onde aspectos dos dois distúrbios são similares, pesquisadores da Universidade de Leeds, no Reino Unido, vão observar o comportamento de ratos com uma mutação genética ligada aos dois problemas. A ideia é compreender como remédios antipsicóticos afetam seus comportamentos anormais.

“Nós não entendemos completamente como as drogas usadas no tratamento da esquizofrenia e em alguns sintomas do autismo atuam”, explica Steve Clapcote, responsável pelo estudo. “Se pudermos mostrar que elas afetam ratos com esta mutação genética específica, poderemos ter uma pista para compreender melhor a doença e abrir mais portas para novos tratamentos com menos efeitos colaterais”.

Muitos autistas e esquizofrênicos apresentam mutações na neurexin 1a, uma proteína que ajuda a criação e a manutenção dos sinais neurais do cérebro. Cientistas norte-americanos descobriram recentemente que ratos com a mesma mutação nos genes apresentam comportamentos anormais, muito similares aos da esquizofrenia e autismo.

O objetivo da nova pesquisa é mostrar evidências de uma ligação genética entre as duas condições, bem como avaliar os impactos de medicamentos antipsicóticos utilizados no tratamento da esquizofrenia e alguns sintomas do autismo em roedores.

“Estudos genéticos até agora sugeriram uma causa comum para esquizofrenia e autismo, algo que nossos estudos podem ajudar a entender”, explica Clapcote. “No entanto, estas são doenças complexas, envolvendo não só herança, mas outros fatores como ambiente e experiência. É possível que a mutação genética possa criar uma predisposição, tornando pessoas mais suscetíveis a desenvolver uma ou outra”.

Os experimentos devem avaliar comportamentos de hiperatividade, sensibilidade à psicoestimulantes, níveis de atenção, memória, interação social e aprendizagem. A comunicação verbal também será analisada, por meio da utilização de gravadores de bastão para “ouvir” a interação entre roedores que se realizam sem que o ouvido humano ouça.

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