Ciência Diária » Gel recupera cartilagem com ajuda de células-tronco do organismo

Gel recupera cartilagem com ajuda de células-tronco do organismo

Submitted by Ciência Diária on Monday, 8 February 201065 Comentários

Envelhecimento ou esforço excessivo podem desgastar juntas, como o joelho e cotovelo. Técnica promove o crescimento de tecido para recupar as lesões. Crédito: Northwestern University.

Pesquisadores da Universidade Northwestern, nos EUA, são os primeiros a projetar um nanomaterial bioativo que promove o crescimento de nova cartilagem em seres vivos sem a utilização de fatores de crescimento raro. Minimamente invasiva, a terapia ativa as células-tronco da medula óssea e produz cartilagem natural. Nenhuma terapia convencional é capaz de fazer isso.

As cartilagens de um adulto não crescem mais, diferentemente do que ocorre nos ossos. Quando uma articulação é desgastada, pode ocasionar problemas sérios em atletas e pessoas, pois as junções (joelhos, ombros e cotovelos) dos ossos não conseguem ser regeneradas. O envelhecimento e o aumento da população no mundo indicam que a artrose, por exemplo, deve afetar cada vez mais pessoas.

O colágeno tipo 2 é a principal proteína da cartilagem articular, um delicado e claro tecido que cobre o final dos ossos onde eles se juntam para formar as juntas.

“Nosso material de fibras nanoscópicas estimula as células-tronco presentes na medula óssea a produzir cartilagem com colágeno 2, reparando danos nas juntas”, afirma Ramille Shah, um dos autores do estudo. “Um procedimento chamado microfratura é a técnica mais comum usada atualmente por médicos, mas tende a produzir uma cartilagem feita predominantemente por colágeno do tipo 1, mais parecida com um tecido de cicatriz”.

O gel produzido pela universidade é injetado, na forma líquida, em uma região danificada da articulação. Então ela se “estrutura” sozinha lá dentro, adquirindo a forma sólida. Mantendo o fator de crescimento condensado e localizado, as células da cartilagem conseguem se regenerar.

A equipe testou o experimento com um implante do gel em animais com defeitos nas cartilagens. Eles foram tratados com microfratura, em que pequenos orifícios são feitos no osso, abaixo da cartilagem danificada, para criar uma fonte de sangue nova que estimule o crescimento de uma nova cartilagem. Os pesquisadores experimentaram várias combinações: microfratura; microfratura e o gel de nanofibra com fator de crescimento; microfratura e o gel de nanofibras sem o fatos de crescimento.

A técnica desenvolvida pelos pesquisadores teve resultados muito melhores do que a técnica de microfratura isolada e, mais importante, eles observaram que a adição do fator de crescimento – algo caro – não era necessária para gerar bons resultados. Pela “forma”, o gel era capaz de estimular as células já presentes no corpo, regenerando a cartilagem. Foi preciso apenas um mês para que o crescimento da cartilagem fosse estimulado.

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65 Comentários »

Renato Lopes disse:

Gostaria de saber se ja existe alguma tecnica de regeneracao da cartilagem de joelho ja aplicada a humanos e com resultados satisfatorios, independente do custo. Por favor, necessito muito saber sobre o tema. Grato, Renato Lopes

- 11 October 2010 at 21:12

Márcia Pereira disse:

Fiquei interessada na técnica de regeneração da cartilagem.Gostaria de saber mais sobre o assunto e principalmente se já foi aplicada em humanos.
Desde já fico agradecida.

- 28 March 2011 at 22:00

pablo disse:

isso é a cura da artrose!

- 9 December 2011 at 20:19

marcos disse:

com esse novo desenvolvimento da Ciência é possível crescer mais um pouco em altura, ou melhor é possível esticar os ossos do nosso corpo?
me mantem informados por favor gradeço desde já.

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