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Pesquisadores conseguem descobrir cor das penas de dinossauro

Submitted by Ciência Diária on Thursday, 28 January 201085 Comentários
Reconstrução de um Sinosauropteryx exibindo sua cauda listada nas cores laranja e branca.

Reconstrução de um Sinosauropteryx exibindo sua cauda listada nas cores laranja e branca.

Fossil do dinossauro  Sinosauropteryx

Fossil do dinossauro Sinosauropteryx

Pesquisa realizada na Universidade de Bristol, Reino Unido, divulgada recentemente na revista Nature, identificou as cores das penas primitivas – cerdas simples – do dinossauro terópode Sinosauropteryx.  Estas cerdas estavam presentes apenas em partes limitadas de seu corpo. Compunham anéis alternados de cores laranja e branco na cauda e uma crista descendo ao longo da espinha dorsal que limitava a função de termorregulação. Também o Confuciusornis madrugador tinha manchas de coloração branca, preta e laranja acastanhada.

Mike Benton, professor de Paleontologia da Universidade de Bristol, acredita que em um trabalho futuro será possível mapear precisamente as cores e padrões de todo o animal.  A pesquisa é importante porque permite resolver questões intrigantes sobre a origem da pena e, em especial, ela ajuda a resolver um longo debate incessante sobre a função original das penas – se elas eram usadas para o voo, proteção ou exibição.

Já era sabido que as penas vieram antes das asas, e não se originaram para formar estruturas de voo. A dúvida era sobre sua finalidade. Benton acredita que as penas tenham surgido primeiramente para a exibição de cores, como atrativo sexual. Ao longo da história evolutiva elas foram ganhando mais funções como as de proteção e voo.

A descoberta confirmou um conjunto substancial de evidências que sugeriam que as aves evoluíram através de uma longa linhagem de dinossauros terópodes carnívoros. Os terópodes foram um dos dois grandes grupos de dinossauros saurísquios ou dinossauros com bacia de réptil. Incluem uma grande diversidade de dinossauros como, por exemplo, o Tyranosaurus.

Tais evidências também demonstram que o conjunto único de caracteres que compõem um pássaro moderno – penas, asas, esqueleto leve e reforçado, sistema metabólico, cérebro alargado e sistema visual – evoluiu passo a passo ao longo de cerca de 50 milhões de anos de evolução do dinossauro, através dos períodos Jurássico e Cretáceo

Como esta descoberta foi possível?

As cores das penas puderam ser identificadas pela análise de dois tipos de melanossomas encontrados nas penas de numerosas aves pré-históricas e dinossauros encontrados nos leitos do famoso Jehol no nordeste da China. Os melanossomas são organelas intracelulares que armazenam a melanina. Eles são encontrados dentro da estrutura de penas e pêlos de mamíferos e aves modernos, e podem fornecer as cores preta, cinza, amarelo e tons avermelhados como laranja e castanho. Os melanossomas sobrevivem por centenas de milhões de anos porque fazem parte da estrutura protéica dura da pena. Por esta razão, as cerdas fossilizadas continham os melanossomas.

A pesquisa foi realizada por uma equipe de paleontólogos da Universidade de Bristol, Reino Unido,  em conjunto com o Instituto de Paleontologia deVertebrados (IVPP), em Pequim, a University College Dublin, na Irlanda  e a Open University.

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